“ Sheikh Hasina: Bangladesh's Longest-Serving PM, Navigates Controversy and Global Recognition, Shaping the Nation's Trajectory with Leadership and Vision.”
Prime Minister of Bangladesh
Assassination of
Bonghu Bondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Father of the Nations
First Premiership :1996–2001
Second Premiership :2009-2014
Third Premiership : 2014-2019
Fourth Premiership :2019-2023
Fifth Premiership : 2023-2028
Opposition Leader : 1991-1996
Opposition Leader : 2001-2006
Parties and Alliances :
Awami League and Grand Alliance
Elections:
1991 :February 1996:June 1996
2001 : 2008 : 2014
2018 : 2024
About
Sheikh Hasina, born on September 28, 1947, has been a pivotal figure in Bangladeshi politics, serving as the country's Prime Minister since January 2009. Her political journey includes pivotal moments and controversies.
After the autocratic regime of Hussain Muhammad Ershad ended, Hasina, leader of the Awami League (AL) and daughter of Bangladesh's founding father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, lost the 1991 election to Khaleda Zia.
This defeat led to accusations of electoral dishonesty against Zia's Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), sparking political turmoil and demonstrations. Eventually, Zia resigned, paving the way for Hasina to become Prime Minister after the June 1996 election.
Her first term was marked by economic growth and poverty reduction but was also marred by political unrest, ending in electoral defeat in July 2001. During the 2006–2008 political crisis, Hasina faced legal issues but ultimately won the 2008 election.
Subsequent elections, notably in 2014 and 2018, were criticized and boycotted by the opposition, marring its leadership with claims of electoral irregularities and violence.
Internationally, Hasina earned recognition and praise for providing refuge and aid to Rohingya refugees fleeing genocide in Myanmar in 2017. Despite her achievements, her governance saw democratic setbacks.
With concerns raised by human rights organizations regarding enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and limitations on press freedom. Her media policy drew criticism for curbing press freedom in Bangladesh since 2014.
Sheikh Hasina's global impact resonates through prestigious recognitions and historic milestones. Recognized among Time's 100 most influential people in 2018 and consecutively ranked among Forbes' most powerful women from 2015 to 2022, her influence extends beyond Bangladesh. Her commitment to environmental stewardship earned her the United Nations' Champions of the Earth award in 2015, underscoring her dedication to global issues. Moreover, being listed among 100 leading global thinkers in 2019 highlights her intellectual and visionary contributions. As of January 7, 2024, she stands as the longest-serving female head of government worldwide, an emblem of enduring leadership and influence on the international stage. Her journey epitomizes both acclaim and controversy, shaping the narrative of Bangladesh's political landscape with a lasting impact.
Early life
Born on September 28, 1947, in Tungipara, East Bengal, Sheikh Hasina hails from the Bengali Muslim Sheikh family. Her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, a Bengali nationalist leader, and her mother, Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib, shaped her upbringing in Tungipara before relocating to Dhaka's Segunbagicha neighborhood.
During her childhood, the family resided on 3 Minto Road when her father held a government ministerial position and also engaged in work at the Alpha Insurance Company. Subsequently, they moved to a home in Dhanmondi built by her father in the 1960s. Hasina often recalls her upbringing while her father faced imprisonment by the Pakistani government due to his political involvement.
Reflecting on those times, she reminisces about visiting her father in jail, understanding that his dedication to the people led to his frequent incarcerations. Despite their father's political engagements, Hasina and her siblings had limited time to spend with him.
Education and marriage
Sheikh Hasina began her education at Tungipara's village primary school before relocating to Dhaka, where she attended Azimpur Girls School. Pursuing higher studies at Eden College, she took on a leadership role, serving as the Vice President of the Students Union from 1966 to 1967.
In 1967, she married MA Wazed Miah, a Bengali nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in physics from Durham University. Hasina pursued Bengali literature at Dhaka University, graduating in 1973. During her university years, she resided in Rokeya Hall, the women's dormitory initially established in 1938 and later named in honor of feminist Begum Rokeya.
Actively engaged in the Students League, Hasina's commitment to student politics saw her elected as the general secretary of the women's unit in Rokeya Hall. Her educational journey and early involvement in politics laid the foundation for her future leadership role in Bangladesh.
Family murder, exile and return
Following the devastating events of the 15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état, Sheikh Hasina, her husband, and sister, Sheikh Rehana, survived as they were away visiting Europe when the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman occurred.
Seeking refuge, they found shelter in the Bangladeshi ambassador's residence in West Germany. Later, they accepted political asylum offered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India.
For six years, the surviving family members lived in exile in New Delhi, India, where Hasina faced restrictions imposed by the military government of Ziaur Rahman, barring her entry into Bangladesh. Despite the hurdles, Hasina continued her political journey, being elected President of the Awami League on February 16, 1981.
It wasn't until May 17, 1981, that Hasina finally returned home, greeted by a warm welcome from thousands of Awami League supporters. Her return marked a significant moment in her determination to carry on her political legacy despite the tragic loss and challenges faced during exile.
Early political career
Movement against military rule (1981–1991)
During her exile in India, Sheikh Hasina assumed the presidency of the left-of-center Awami League (AL) in 1981. Despite being under martial law, Hasina faced intermittent detentions throughout the 1980s, enduring periods of house arrest in 1984 and 1985.
Amidst this turmoil, Hasina and the AL participated in the 1986 Bangladeshi general election held under President Hussain Muhammad Ershad's rule.
Despite criticism from opponents for engaging in an election conducted under martial law, Hasina used the platform to challenge Ershad's governance effectively. Leading an eight-party alliance against Ershad, she and her party resigned in December 1987, demanding a new general election under a neutral government, prompting a mass uprising in Dhaka.
Alongside the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) under Khaleda Zia, Hasina's AL worked persistently to reinstate a democratically elected government. Their efforts bore fruit after a constitutional referendum restored the country to a parliamentary form of government.
The subsequent parliamentary general election in 1991 saw victory for the BNP, marking a pivotal moment in Bangladesh's political landscape. Despite electoral setbacks, Hasina's determination to restore democratic governance remained unwavering.
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